We publish regular reports on the labour market and social developments in the EU.
This analysis supports EU institutions, national governments and other stakeholders in social and employment policy making.
Key publications
Employment and Social Developments in Europe (ESDE) - Annual review
This review provides in-depth medium to long-term analysis of various employment and social issues, such as long-term unemployment, mobility and migration, people and skills as well as modernising social protection schemes.
This edition of ESDE examines patterns and developments of social convergence in the EU over the last decade, showing important catching-up trends among Member States. It discusses the role of social investment in supporting social and economic developments, providing evidence of the impact of selected policies on socioeconomic outcomes.
- Previous issues
- Printed copies available on request
Employment and Social Developments in Europe - Quarterly Review
This quarterly provides a review of recent social and labour market developments in the EU.
It looks at short-term changes in GDP and employment trends, e.g. employment and unemployment rates, long-term unemployment, youth unemployment, labour demand, productivity, changes in gross disposable household income and financial distress.
It occasionally looks at specific market groups (women, young people). It provides information on the EU as a whole, the euro area, and each member state.
The ESDE - Quarterly Review provides as usual an in-depth analysis of recent labour market and social developments. The thematic part of the review focuses on the overqualification of workers born outside the EU as well as factors that affect their overqualification.
Labour Market and Wage Developments in Europe - annual review
This report analyses the labour market from a macroeconomic perspective. It provides an analysis of recent employment and wage developments, looking at the euro area and the EU as a whole in comparison with its global trading partners. Each edition includes a thematic chapter that deepens the macro-economic analysis of a relevant issue.
A section is devoted to policy trends and recent labour market measures enacted by EU countries, based on the LABREF database. The report also describes the labour market recommendations addressed to each member state in the context of the European Semester.
This Labour market and wage developments in Europe report examines the recent performance of the EU labour market and the challenges ahead in the context of subdued economic growth and ongoing structural changes. The report also discusses recent wage developments and the persistent social effects of the high inflation period in 2022-2023 and analyses the room for further sustainable wage increases.
Working papers
Working papers examine various aspects of employment, skills and social developments and policy in detail and are a basis for evidence informed policy making
This paper provides a detailed mapping of gender attitudes towards work across the European Union. Using latent class analysis, the paper shows that most of the EU population supports gender equality in the labour market and within households.
